FlorianB

Judging by this picture of the backside alone the steel looks very homogeneous. Most probably Owari-style from Edo-Period. Best, Florian

Those kind of tagane could be found sometimes. I agree they have none or only a small effect in altering the nakago ana. Because of this IMHO it is most probably some kind of signature or perhaps refernce marks for a later modification of the nakago ana. Here’s an example out of Kremers’ book “Sukashi Tsuba”. Although the tanghole has been modified already similar tagane could be noticed. Florian

My 50 cents: I would go for Shoami because of the rounded rim (as far as I can guess it) and the kidney shaped openings. There’s a spot on the rim about 8 o’clock, but I can’t decide if it is a tekkotsu or just corrosion. Concerning the large box shaped openings there was a discussion of a similar piece about a year ago: www.militaria.co.za/nmb/topic/32529-cross-shaped-shoami-tsuba/ Much useful information there. Florian

Perhaps something which is called “mu imi sukashi” - a sukashi without meaning or a design, which meaning is lost. Interesting piece, any dimensions? Florian

The motif points to Nishigaki, Kamiyoshi and Akasaka, even Shoami, but I’m puzzeled by the somewhat sunken bars with the structure on them. Unususal for those. But I remember I’ve seen something similar on a Tosa Myochin Tsuba so I vote for this school. Florian

Another small silver one with fence design for a kwaiken.

Forget about my last remark, didn't read correctly Florian

I won't be a nuisance, but I stick to my statement, that - at least on one side - gourds (one of the many symbols meaning luck) are depicted- please compare with this picture: The mentioned roe pattern could hint to a former gilding or silvering. Florian

The KOGATANA blades serve as utilitarian knifes and thus the quality isn’t high in many cases. That’s why far more KOZUKA exist instead of KOGATANA. However there are also well forged KOGATANA with authentic signatures by the smiths who made them as a sideline to use up material. I think You will recognize those in the future with Your eyes trained. KOGATANA and KOZUKA don’t belong together inevitably and could be exchanged. Often the tang is modified to fit into another KOZUKA. Sometimes both are offered together to upgrade the attraction of moderate KOZUKA. Of course I agree with Steve to look for better pieces, it will pay off in the long run. BTW many years ago I started with KOZUKA, too, because I was interested in how the artists handle the extreme format. Florian

Hello Johan, these emblems are called KAMON or just MON and show the KIRI-motif. KIRI were popular and appear frequently. Yours are different in size so I persume there must be another probably smaller one in the space beside the larger one but fell off. The condition of the KOGAI is not the best either. On the right side gourds, on the left side a flag and a SAIHAI, a commanding baton are shown. Best, Florian

An appealling design of a gardening scene on a rainy day. The flower ornament looks like a peony (jp.: botan). Similar forms on an Akasaka-piece: Concerning school and age - IMHO maybe Myochin, middle to late Edo-period. Florian

There are a lot of Sukashi Tsuba showing a rotation of horizotal ornaments by 90 degrees. It’s the idea of the maker, mostly with regard to geometry. The suggestion of owls is intriguing, but my first impression was some kind of fruit, maybe a persimmon. Just another offer . Florian

The thing in the water is definitely a crescent, representing the reflection of the moon on the water. Another eyxample from Varshavsky-Collection: Best, Florian

You will note the ornamentation in the upper part of Mauro's Tsuba (also in some of the other shown tsuba) is similar to the ornament in question. It may be that some temple roof tops could fit to this form but IMHO I doubt a concrete reference to a certain temple. Sometimes an ornament is just an ornament - without a special meaning. But if You need an interpretation I would stick to the initial idea of a flower bud and sprouting leaves. Best, Florian

The lower ornament is a variation of an umpan 雲版 , a temple Gong. Best, Florian

Here are some variations of the Yotsu-me (Four-eye pattern), similar ones but not the one in question could be find in Hawley's Mon-book, called Me-yui (eyes) there. Best Florian

... and a short remark to the initial issue: The crossed objects left and right could be water ladles or hishaku. Just an idea. Florian

Adam, I see Your point, but I’am not convinced. Karigane on Japanese Tsuba show a lot of variations and I think artistic ideas must taken into account, not bound to realism. Here’s one from Sasano with a karigane on the right having even different formed wings: I doubt Karigane are geese everytimes, I think the general term “birds” would be more appropiate. Here’s a karigane with elongiated body or tail which looks like a bird of prey: As mentioned above geese play a major role in Japanese iconography, bats are only seldom an issue. Japanese art, however, is very tolerant concerning interpretation. Florian

Adam, interesting theory. I haven’t heard about this difference yet. Best, Florian

Hi, IMHO the pattern on the right hand side of the ura show Yuki Mochi Sasa, snowflake on bamboo, a traditional motif in a stylised way. Some examples: The bird in the lower part of the omote could also be a plover (chidori 千鳥 ) because of the connection with a stream or shore. Anyway, a very interesting Tsuba! Florian

Although Mr. Hoppen’s offer seems a little bit unprepared it’s worth to have patience while waiting for pictures. All swords offered here are top-swords shown on several occasions at meetings. Wish I had the money to buy only one of those. BTW: There are two books published by the Nihonto Club Germany. The first one contains the the Sekishu Naotsuna Katana and the Tantos by Hosho and Motoshige. In the second Volume You find the Katanas by Ko-Aoe and Enju. Only the Miike blade wasn't published in here. Florian

Another quotation from “Tosogu no Kigen”: The first period could be ignored concerning Kyo-Sukashi, due to the assumption they came into existance around Oei-Period. Curran, great piece! Any nearer details? Florian

"Masu" is also translated with "growth" and thus it is a symbol for luck and success. In interlaced masu forms these wishes become multipled. Due to this meaning it makes sense to attach this particular design on tsuba. Here's an other example: Florian

It is said that early Tsuba in general, not only Kyo-Sukashi but also Kanayama, Owari, Ko-Shoami, Ko-Kinko etc., have identical hitsu ana shape in half-moon-form while the kogai hitsu ana was replaced by suhama gata later. In Your case the Eisho aera is late Muromachi and in Sasano's books You find enough examples with suhama shaped kogai-hitsu-ana. BTW concerning Kyo-sukashi guards there are also pieces from Momoyama or early Edo-period showing identical shaped hitsu-ana on both sides on account of geometric design. Textbooks say also that Kyo-sukashi hitsu-ana have an oblong shape which is true but not the rule. There are Kyo-sukashi hitsu-ana in regular shape or even considerably rounded. Alas a generalization seems impossible so a lot of comparing is necessary to get a feeling for this topic. Best, Florian

IMHO a cross is at least a basic design, which could be found in tsuba frequently. Certainly it could be interpreted as a christian symbol. I have still no idea about the meaning of the prominent squares. These could be the clue if a christian background is intended. Slight irregularites in geometry maintain a livley design, if drawn by rulers a cross would possibly appear tedious. Florian