Kiita

That's what I meant, even if it perhaps wasn't clear from what I wrote. In my experience, while most modern honyaki knives are monosteel in that they are made from a single piece of solid steel, they're rarely referred to as such, as the differential hardening puts them in a category of their own. Monosteel is usually meant as referring to solid steel, through-hardened (fully hardened). This is a matter of semantics, and on some level subjective. The metal ferrule is common on older hocho, especially if they were not at the higher end pricewise when originally sold.

The attached diagram may be of use. Monosteel is western parlance for a solid steel blade with no hamon (if it had a hamon it would be called honyaki), not sure what the Japanese term is. If you can't see any lamination lines it's probably monosteel, though on old rusty steel like that knife it can be hard to tell. The easiest way to check is to try sharpening the kireha on a muddy water-stone like those reddish brown 1000 grit King brand ones that seem to be found so often in Japan as to be a tripping hazard, if it's laminated you'll see a contrast between the soft steel of the jigane and the hard steel of the hagane. Traditional asymmetrical Japanese type kitchen knives like the one pictured are ni mai or two layer laminated, which is very rare on nihonto for obvious reason. San mai and warikomi are common to both kitchen knives and swords. Kobuse is also a form of lamination, and essentially warikomi in reverse, and is exclusive to swords. Here's a good set of diagrams for sword lamination types: http://www.ksky.ne.jp/~sumie99/construction.html

Looking through various sources, one additional possibility is a very well used 付け包丁. Kamaboko knife. Wrapping might be a later addition to strengthen a damaged handle. Edited to add: This post on KKF has some examples of old style Japanese kitchen knives as depicted in woodblock prints for future reference https://www.kitchenknifeforums.com/threads/Japanese-web-info-list.55062/page-7#post-1080381

I'm not totally convinced it's a takohiki, for the following reasons: It's very thin, most of them I've seen are around 3mm at the spine. It's possible it was sharpened down, but I would expect to see more of the original width remaining at the neck in that case. You said the ura side was flat if I'm not mistaken, and takohiki, like yanagiba and other traditional type sashimi knives, have hollow grinds on the ura side more or less always (searching hamaguri grind will get you some examples). The wrapped handle is atypical, normally on kitchen knives you see ho wood with either a smooth buffalo horn or metal ferrule, or plastic on postwar Showa period and later knives. In illustrations and prints from the Edo to Taisho periods I've kitchen knives with a very short section of wrapping, but only a few rows max. The reason for the preference for smooth handles is clear if you imagine trying to get fish slime out of the wrapping. Is it laminated or monosteel? Usually sashimi knives are nimai laminated. All of that said, it could very well simply be an atypical example of a takohiki, these things do vary.

In support of the differential heating theory, I've actually seen it appear accidentally on non-sword cutting tools before, apparently in that way. Why would it be done that way? It might have originated as a byproduct of smiths very carefully watching the edge temperature to prevent grain growth from overheating and excess soak time, which would reduce toughness, in the same way that fine grained nioi hamon were considered tougher than nie. No need to risk grain growth at the thin edge by waiting for the whole blade to come to temperature if you're only intending to harden part of it anyway. A cool looking result is discovered in polishing and then it becomes a desired feature swordsmiths work to optimize. Another just-so-story but it seems as likely as any.

Holding a blade, or indeed any old and well used object, and speculating, imagining, where it has been and what it has done over its history is of course part of the fun, and something I have done often, that said, unless proven otherwise it's all in our heads. For me, I am too immature as a sword enthusiast to say for certain whether I reside in either camp. I have found individual swords compelling in any number of ways, as art, as weapons, as curios or artifacts. I believe, however, that one shouldn't get these ways confused. A sword with no artistic merit will never gain it no matter how famous its past owners, the most beautiful hamon in the world does not make a broken sword cut better, and a gendaito will never be a "samurai sword" (as used colloquially) no matter how well made it was. I can happily evaluate swords as artifacts or art but not both at the same time.

The art vs artifact discussion is well trodden ground, and I wouldn't say that one side or another is correct, they're simply different perspectives. For the art collectors, who comprise the majority of this forum, patina, in the sense of wear, corrosion, and general out of polishness, are categorically negative because they interfere with viewing the characteristics of the sword. Even relatively light corrosion by most standards can totally prevent one from seeing hada and hataraki. Regarding provenance, I suspect that for most it's less a lack of interest and more that very few of these stories but the most famous are provable, to put it gently, so they may as well be discarded and the blades allowed to speak for themselves. The historian has some potential advantages, however, as he might be, for example, as an Edo freak far more interested in a generic Shinto wakizashi, or as a Sengoku enthusiast, in a Bizen kazuuchimono or basic yari, each of which is more representative of its era, than a grand old tachi of greater artistic merit, saving him quite a bit of money. The Heian otaku is out of luck though.

That kind of scratch pattern is far too coarse for hazuya or jizuya, more like arato. You would be there for the rest of your life trying to grind through pitting with uchigumori fingerstones. Presumably the previous owner went at it with a 1-300 grit green silicon carbide stone such as are quite common in Japan.

Not every mine (that seems to be the accepted term for many of these sites, as they were often extracted via tunnels or shafts rather than pit quarries) currently out of operation was shut due to exhaustion, many were simply encroached out of existence by expanding suburbs during the Showa era, as they were located quite close to Kyoto proper. Theoretically the stone could still be extracted, but it's not practical. On the other hand, a younger member of an old stone cutting family has recently begun mining Nakayama stones for the first time since the 1960s (if I remember correctly), so it's not all bad news.

If you're afraid that a blade in your care is actively rusting badly, a thick saturation of good quality gun oil is harmless, easy, and will stabilize it substantially by excluding oxygen. I gather that uchiko and a rag is uncontroversial for significantly out of polish blades. I've used it myself, it at least allows one to see the hamon somewhat, and while it may as others have described elsewhere harm a blade in good polish, I find it difficult to see how how anyone could meaningfully damage an already scratched or corroded blade with it.

For anyone who wants to try polishing blades and thinks it can't possibly be that difficult, there is an almost infinite supply of forlorn, rusty old yanagiba and deba for next to nothing on Yahoo Auctions Japan, with no value as anything other than tools and no risk of destroying an object of artistic merit. I think you'll find that even restoring a 20cm kitchen knife to a neat finish free of rust, with correct hamaguri geometry and crisp shinogi, and an even natural stone kasumi polish, is an art of its own, even though it pales in complexity compared to sword polishing.

Looked that up and I'm getting a lot of shogi related results, is that what you're referring to?

Age unknown, but it's definitely iron. It's possible it's on the older side, but I'm not experienced enough to say so with any confidence. 76mm wide, quite thin, maybe 2mm on average, chigaibishi or chigai kuginuki mon, patina is a little darker in person, pitting considerably heavier on reverse side.

From the pictures, drilling it out wouldn't be difficult at all. Center punch with a freshly sharpened punch, clamp it well, then drill it out in a drill press with a short stiff bit such as a center drill somewhat smaller than the pin diameter, which will be far less likely to flex and wander. After that, depending on how it looks, either step up the bit diameter until you've basically got a hollow thin walled tube, which will flex and crush rather than mark the ana, then pull it out from the backside, or just cut out the rivet head on the side you drilled with a countersink and drive it out gently. The first if the pin section of the rivet is deformed and bent, the second if it's straight. Don't try to drive a bent pin through a straight hole. I have unpinned many straight razors with this method, and the pin diameter on those is only 1/16" or about 1.5mm, so the amount of real estate you would be working with here is massive in comparison.

And a rough idea of the boshi shape

Only parts of it are clear, but I'm seeing some nie, possibly ko-nie (or so I assume since the particles are visible but small) and lines curving but roughly parallel, sunagashi? hotsure? I understand it's chasing ghosts, but any ideas are welcome.

Unfortunately it's too out of polish to show up in photos, it's just barely visible in person. I have ordered some uchiko powder from Namikawa, when it arrives I'll see if I can bring something up more legibly. Thank you for your input. From Mr. Sesko's short biography of him Aizu Kanesada the 11th seemed like a very interesting man, the possibility that I have one of his swords is fun. May I ask what tells you it's an utsushi rather than a real suriage Muromachi piece? Is it the condition of the nakago?

Hello, I'm a complete beginner to nihonto, this is the second sword ever I've handled in person. I've got a mumei, out of polish, probably O-suriage katana in rough shape and I've been trying to work out what, approximately, it is, or at least its era. I'm aware that in its present condition not all that much can be deduced for certain, or indeed deduced at all. That said I've been chewing on this blade for the last several days and I would very much appreciate any outside assessments. When I close my eyes I see sugata hovering in the dark. From comparing the sugata to images of other swords, my current guesses are either significantly suriage Muromachi or Kanbun Shinto with an extra hole. It reminds me of a Kanbun Sendai blade in Markus Sesko's kantei series, but that one was ubu, unlike mine. Specifications: Nagasa: 63 cm Nakago: 19 cm Nakagojiri: kiri Yasurime:kiri Sori type: Toriizori, though this is a guess, it was a little hard to tell for certain. Please correct me if I'm wrong. Sori: 1.4 cm Kasane: 0.59 cm Shinogigasane: 0.68 cm Sakigasane: 0.47 cm Motohaba: 3.1 cm Sakihaba: 2.08 cm Mihaba: 1.86 cm Kissaki: 2.96 cm, plus about 2mm of chipped tip Weight: 652 g Hamon: Suguha, Hoso-Suguha perhaps as the yakiba is only about 4mm wide. Little of it is easily visible, but the small part that is seems tight and bright Boshi: Difficult to be certain as the kissaki is severely out of polish, but it looks possibly like Jizoboshi. See oshigata for my interpretation. Ana: two: the lowest is definitely punched, and is smaller than the upper one, which may or may not be drilled. Notes: There's a substantial wear mark where the tsuba would be on the nakago, so it was apparently worn for a while at this length. I can't tell whether or not the hamon continues into the nakago because of its narrowness near the hamachi and the corrosion. If it's suriage it's very neat, graceful work, the nakago is very nicely formed. This blade has, I think, seen some polishes in its life, plus unfortunately some abuse and sandpaper more recently. Corrosion on the nakago is thicker toward the lower part. The strange red spots just behind the machi appear to be remnants of lacquer. Any assessments, speculation, or guesses are greatly appreciated.

Japanese cultural influence via video games, anime, etc. in America and, I think, the Anglosphere broadly, increases greatly the younger one is and is almost overwhelming in generation Z and generation Alpha. I can't see the desire for and interest in nihonto dropping much over time as a result of this. The real issue however is money, put simply, we're pretty broke as a generation and the prospects seems unlikely to improve long term at the moment. I know I for one would like to own a real Japanese sword in the future, especially after an older friend of mine asked me to help him identify a wakizashi he inherited and the excellent gentlemen here translated the mei for me, but right now all I can do is spectate as an enthusiast. When I had that sword in my hand, as rough as it was, I understood exactly why all of you are so obsessed with them, it was a powerful and fascinating thing. Some day. You see this in a lot of areas, not the least of which is cars and car enthusiast culture, though that has a few other factors (namely that the cash for clunkers program basically murdered the lower level of the used car market), but if you've ever wondered why younger people are putting off getting driver's licenses lately, it's because no one can afford a car or gas at the moment. That and there's not really anything to do these days, so there's little reason to go out. Interestingly, the only local car organization or club I've seen with an average age under 30 was inspired by Japanese Touge driving. As far as other collectibles in general, I think it's a safe bet that interest in anything involving weapons or military surplus is likely to stay reasonably strong. Beyond that, I think they're significantly less popular. Anything to do with mid to late 20th c. popular culture is probably going to be utterly worthless when the Boomer generation begins to disappear. This is of course only my opinion as a member of the "younger people", I can't quote any data to support it, but it might at least provide a little insight into the general sentiment as I perceive it currently.

Interesting. It doesn't seem very solid, either from damage or poor original construction, one side flexes and pops like a jar lid when pressed. Here's a closer view of it, plus the tsuba, which I thought was pleasantly subdued looking. Any guesses what the inlaid metal forming the pattern is? Silver or copper alloy maybe?

Much appreciated, thank you.

Hello, I'm fairly new to Nihonto, I've read Sato's The Japanese Sword, as well as various collector websites, but this is my first time actually handling a Japanese sword in person. A friend of mine asked me to take a look at an old sword he had inherited from his grandfather, with the usual story that he had picked it up circa the Second World War, possibly in Japan. Unfortunately someone, probably the grandfather, had attacked the blade with a coarse sharpening stone at some point, but luckily while the blade is scratched not much metal was removed and the shape is the same as under the habaki. What I can distinguish about this piece (this is essentially all guesswork, I'm not certain about any of it and I'm curious if you think I'm right or not): The hole in the nakago may be be punched, as the metal is slightly distorted around it, there are no round drill marks, and the hole tapers from both sides. There appear to be at least two small cold shuts from forge welding on one side of the spine, implying that this is tamahagane and not a modern steel gunto. There is a hamon, though it's difficult to see in person due to the scratches, and even more so to photograph. There are filemarks on the tang. It is about 7mm thick at the top of the spine, so about 8mm at its thickest point. The nakago is signed. All this predisposes me to speculate that it is not an arsenal made gunto, though I may be wrong. There are two additional kanji chiseled somewhat crudely on the top of the tang, I would guess having to do with its last refitting The fittings, though unimportant to the blade itself, lend some provenance, so I will describe them: The habaki is a layer or silver over some other metal, possibly copper, and seems very crude, though it fits the blade and sheath well. The tsuba is iron, no casting seams visible, base texture is filed, with an intricate vinelike inlay of metal that has tarnished to a deep blue-black, no signature I could find. The seppa are copper or brass with a coined pattern around the edges. The remaining fittings are brass, well made but simple, with a basketweave type pattern carved into them. The sheath shows hand carving on the inside and tip, made to fit a kogatana, and originally had a kurikata, though it came off at some point. The brownish paint and place where a metal cap once was glued on make me think it was military. So, all that in mind, I would like to humbly request a translation of the signature if anyone recognizes it, and general thoughts on what the thing actually is and its age.