xiayang

（金象嵌）ニツ胴入土壇村井三丞長止（花押）試焉 （銀象嵌）下ヲケス工落岡田十郎兵衛重長（花押）試焉 Here's a link to the original listing: https://www.e-sword....1210_1088syousai.htm

Slightly uncertain about the second to last character, but perhaps: 武州神田住兼勝作 = Bushū Kanda-jū Kanekatsu saku

Western names are usually transliterated phonetically into Japanese using katakana, so that would be somewhat unusual, I suppose. That said, one possible reading of 哥德呀 in Japanese would indeed be Kadeya which does sound a bit like Cardeilhac. Alternatively, could it have been a Chinese transliteration instead? The standard Chinese reading of 哥德呀 is Gedeya, and all three characters are very commonly used for Western names.

Hi Thomas, Your sword was shortened (suriage) by a few centimetres at some point, leaving only a part of the original mei: 越中國 = Etchū-no-kuni

備前國長船住源八良祐定 = Bizen no Kuni Osafune-jū Genpachirō Sukesada [Note: Markus Sesko‘s Swordsmiths of Japan has him listed with the spelling 源八郎] 横山上野大掾藤原祐定 = Yokoyama Kōzuke no Daijō Fujiwara Sukesada 合作 = made [this] together

長曽祢興里虎徹入道 = Nagasone Okisato Kotetsu Nyūdō

Looks like a genuine Japanese-made blade. The signature is 兼秀 = Kanehide

美濃國御勝山麓住藤原永貞 = Mino no Kuni Okachiyama no fumoto-jū Fujiwara Nagasada 文久二年八月作之 = made this in the eighth month of Bunkyū 2 (1862 CE) 同年十一月於傅馬町両車土壇拂切手山田源蔵 = in the eleventh month of the same year, at Demmachō, Yamada Genzō performed a "Ryō guruma" cut (i.e., horizontal at the hips) that entered the earth mound below

[柳?河?]住久広作 = [Yanagawa?]-jū Hisahiro saku 慶應三年八月日 = on a day in the 8th month of Keiō 3 (1867 CE)

It's a character from the online game Touken Ranbu (刀剣乱舞), which anthropomorphises famous Japanese swords as young men. This particular one is meant to be the personification of the national treasure Kōsetsu Samonji (江雪左文字).

Wild guess: 豊後住藤原實行 = Bungo-jū Fujiwara Saneyuki Compare to this example from the Aoi Art website:

It is indeed a fake, but unlike most of them that just have arbitrary Japanese-sounding names inscribed, this one does not seem to be entirely random: 小笠原信夫 = Ogasawara Nobuo He was a student of Satō Kanzan, for many years curator at the Tokyo National Museum and author of a whole bunch of nihontō-related books. So perhaps the Chinese smith who made this wanted to give a little nod to the author of his study resources?

Here's a partial transcript of the second photo: 雲渺々水依々人家春樹暗僧舍夕陽微扁舟一葉來何處定有詩人放鶴歸 This is a landscape impression, written in Classical Chinese. To give you a rough idea what it is about, Google translates this to: The clouds are misty, the water is lingering, the spring trees are dark, the monk's house is dark, the sunset is faint, the boat is floating, and wherever the leaves come, there will be a poet who releases the crane and returns. This translation is probably missing a few nuances, but doesn't appear to be totally off.

I believe the mei is 東神正茂作 = Tōshin Masashige saku See also this old thread:

I have not been able to find any record for this smith. There was a 下総守宗吉 (Shimōsa no Kami Muneyoshi) around the end of Muromachi/beginning of Edo period though. My kantei skills not the best I'm afraid, but I could imagine that this blade might have been made around the same time.

下総守吉宗 = Shimōsa no Kami Yoshimune

The blade is signed 正利 = Masatoshi Perhaps Sakakura Seki (坂倉関) group, late Muromachi? The mei looks similar to this, this and this example.

The smith is: 水府住勝村常陸介源正勝 = Suifu-jū Katsumura Hitachi no Suke Minamoto Masakatsu

豊州高田住藤原統景 = Hōshū Takada-jū Fujiwara Munekage

Looks like 綱家作 = Tsunaie saku

義定 = Yoshisada 昭和十八年四月 = April of Shōwa 18 (1943 CE) This is Ishihara Yoshisada, a Seki-based smith, see here.

The missing character is 歳. 元治元甲子歳八月日 = on a day in the eighth month of Genji 1, year of the wood rat (1864 CE, as Jussi correctly pointed out).

I agree on the date: 昭和十八年 = Shōwa 18 (1943 CE), but I believe the mei reads 兼達 = Kanetatsu See, e.g., here or here.

I believe the last character (能) has the reading "yoshi" here. 了戒勝能 = Ryōkai Katsuyoshi

濃州関住星谷義永 = Nōshū Seki-jū Hoshiya Yoshinaga See also this example. Note that there was also a Seki smith who signed with the homophone 星谷義長 (e.g., here). Not sure if they are related. To add to the confusion, both Sesko's Swordsmiths of Japan and the Japanese Sword Index list a Hoshiya Yoshinaga with the spelling 星屋義長, but I haven't been able to find any examples for this variant at all, so perhaps they got the last name wrong.