Jussi Ekholm

This is just a personal opinion but I would just take the NBTHK attribution as probably the best opinion available. Similarily to mumei swords the attributions for such partial mei are not absolute. I believe their decision was that Kiyomitsu would be the most plausible opinion judged by their expert panel. I would just treat it as late Muromachi Bizen sword, could be Kiyomitsu, Sukesada, Munemitsu, Harumitsu etc. and the actual maker does not affect much to me as the mei is so partial. I do think it is a sword that has interesting hamon. I can make a comparison to your other thread, as there are variations in Kiyomitsu collecting too. I believe Gorōzaemon is regarded as the best Late Muromachi Bizen Kiyomitsu smith. So aiming for the top you would look for very good sword that is signed with Gorōzaemon mei and dated. As for NBTHK shinsa, they have quite recently put a limitation on how many swords they accept to H/TH shinsa session. It is currently at 1,600. They do run 4 Hozon/Tokubetsu Hozon blade shinsa per year so that is 6,400 swords. Then they seem to have gotten bit over 800 submissions for yearly Jūyō shinsa in recent years. Now this may sound like blasphemy coming out of low level collector like me but I believe the majority of items they process are not interesting. In general the majority of Japanese swords are not that interesting to me personally. Of course I do have quirky taste for historical swords vs. the "art sword crowd" (I personally hate to used the art sword as a term). I do think for many of the regular items NBTHK shinsa does not spend too much time on, I believe on the rare and important items they will spend more time even at Hozon level, as the sword is important. To give some idea of rarity of NBTHK ranks I believe for blades currently c. 124,000 have achieved Hozon status and c. 77,000 blades have achieved Tokubetsu Hozon status. While it would of course be amazing to have info on each and every item, I understand they just don't have time and resources to write about each uninspiring mumei blade for example.

I think one complicated thing would be deciding on what would be considered as a fair pricing. There are also amazing very high quality items in collections of various European collectors. Also while I understand "rating" dealers, it can sometimes be tricky as they can have invetory outside their regular "rating". Some top dealers will have some cheaper items and some cheaper dealers can have very high quality items. Judging the particular item would be more important. Also as someone obsessed with old items it is also important to know that some items can change ownership quite fast. There are items that have even popped up online at 4-5 different dealers over the years, and might have even had offline sales too. In those cases of course the actual item remains the same but it can be listed by variously "rated" dealers. It is possible to find good deals at 5k, 15k, 50k, 100k+€, however perception might vary. What I personally might consider for example a good deal for 10,000€, someone else might think it would be overpriced and vice versa. People value different things like Erik wrote above. Do you have some specific direction you are looking for future purchases? Building business relations would be awesome and I will highly recommend that if it is possible for you. For someone like myself it is just not possible because I can make purchases very rarely. So possibly waiting for several and several years between purchases, I would not stress about the dealer relationship but would rather focus on specific item regardless on who is the dealer that has it.

Here are the oldest swords with horimono that I have in references, in no particular order as I cannot really say exactly how old they are but I believe all of these date to late Heian period. 三条宗近 - Sanjō Munechika 五条国永 - Gojō Kuninaga 正恒 - Ko-Bizen Masatsune 友成 - Ko-Bizen Tomonari 大原真守 - Ōhara Sanemori However there are multiple chokutō that are much older and feature carvings. I did not include those. There are swords with horimono that were made in Early Kamakura period but they are not as old as the blades from makers above. Then of course I will include 5 oldest dated swords with horimono I am currently aware of. 国綱 - Awataguchi Kunitsuna 1253 (I believe this mei might need more research) [an interesting sidenote it is an ōdachi] 守家 - Hatakeda Moriie 1280 来国俊 - Rai Kunitoshi 1292 了戒 - Ryōkai 1293 国光 - Shintōgo Kunimitsu 1294

Thank you for giving your experiences! The amount of top quality items for sale must be mind boggling. The TJ28 results can be found in here: https://www.touken.or.jp/Portals/0/pdf/news/第28回特別重要刀剣等指定品発表.pdf

Yes it is Paul Chen/Hanwei and I believe from 1999 - signature would be 中国大連陈朝波己卯年 If your friend has pictures of the fittings it will be very easy to identify the model as Hanwei only makes specific models and not custom pieces.

Sometimes even small things like this can lead into great discussion and lots of thinking. Now as ōdachi are my passion, I decided to do this same look into historical ōdachi that I have in my resources. Actually I will do some more digging into them on another matter so this was good preparation dig. For this I will only use Kamakura-Nanbokuchō-Muromachi ōdachi and I was super happy to count that I currently have 86 of these. I will leave out the Edo period ōdachi from this but I was bit surprised to see that I have 43 of them in resources too. 33 of the old ōdachi have normal hi termination 24 of them do not feature hi at all 10 have horimono of various type 3 of them have hi termination well short of yokote (as was the topic of the thread) 2 of them only feature a short hi 14 I do not have a clear picture of kissaki area, some of these have hi but I cannot see hi well enough from tiny picture of a massive sword Even I have to admit that some of the most massive ōdachi were not used in battlefield (however there are actual records of some huge ones been used in battles) but the super massive are few in total number. Still I would think that if there would be a really practical purpose to terminate hi well short of yokote it would have been done more often. As majority of these are indeed battlefield weapons. I do think my choice of words might have been bit incorrect, perhaps I should have maybe used spritual instead of aesthetical. For example I don't think horimono in general have functional purpose for practical use but they most likely have extremely strong spiritual meaning which could have very well been psychologically much more important than some tiny functional factor. I think I will some day try to do this same with a smith or 2 who have been noted of having used this type of termination, and from whom I have lots of signed tachi examples to provide data.

It is tricky piece. Personally I might see it as a tachi. However NBTHK has judged it as a katana and I respect their authority. Also one important thing in their attribution is that the sword is judged as 後代宝寿 (Later Hōju). Now while it might feel like a minor remark it actually has a dramatical effect to the appreciation value and financial value of the sword. I am personally super interested in Hōju school, and their work goes from Kamakura and Nanbokuchō up to Muromachi. When there is mumei attribution 宝寿 (Hōju) is used to cover Kamakura & Nanbokuchō works and 後代宝寿 (Later Hōju) is used for Muromachi period work. If someone would show me that sword my first guess might be Muromachi period tachi without looking at NBTHK judgement paper.

In general it is bit difficult to find an old tachi that would be really desirable from online sources for under 1,000,000 yen. With the current exchange rate it would be c. 6,500$ in Japan. You'll need to add shipping possible taxes etc. on top of that. When a decent tachi in this price bracket pops up at online dealers they will usually sell quite fast. My recommendation would be perhaps try to resist buying urge and try to save up to 1,5-2 million yen, as in that range there are lots of fairly good ones to choose from but of course the price is quite a bit higher. Here are 2 cheap signed tachi that are currently for sale in Japan but I would personally skip both of these. Uda Tomotsugu, 580,000 yen : https://www.toukenko...i&katanaA071223.html Masanobu (Unknown province) 550,000 yen : https://nihontou.jp/...gu/tachi/094/00.html

I admit I am sometimes going way too deep into things. I have been actually quite curious as some things like these hi endings are sometimes quoted as being features of some smiths. Likewise I have read the kissaki repair theory from multiple sources. Now I had some free time today and I did some digging, and indeed this type of hi ending can happen on Nanbokuchō period swords. However the ones stopping a lot short of yokote I would personally see as aesthetic choices rather that allowing extra space for kissaki repair. I also searched every Gō attributed sword I have in my references (as this has been in several sources suggested as feature of his style). I currently have info on 64 swords that have attributed to Gō (I left out 2 tantō from this). Now out of those exactly half, 32 feature some sort of carvings on the blade. 10 of these have the hi ending short of yokote, few of them extremely far and 3 of them just barely. 17 of the swords have in my view pretty standard hi ending, 2 of the swords feature very short hi on lower portion of the blade. 3 of the swords have horimono. So while it does happen in work attributed to Gō I would not put extreme amount of weigh towards it. As I was browising items it did happen on works by many various Nanbokuchō smiths. Also as I am obsessed with ōdachi I did some viewing on them and it did occur on some however I wouldn't put significant importance towards it. I would personally see the hi stopping well short of yokote mainly as aesthetical decision.

Amazing work Andrew, thanks for sharing this with us. I can't even imagine how difficult it must be to polish a sword like this but you made details so nicely visible, I can only imagine how wonderful it looks in hand.

I believe the Japanese term for this is 樋先下がる (Hisaki-sagaru). It could be giving some direction on school and era, however like John said above then the hi would need to be original. Judging that for me would be very difficult especially on ō-suriage swords. Here is an example on a sword that I have and I am almost certain the hi is added on later.

1. Theme - I will keep my dream theme a secret for now as unfortunately I do not yet own an item that would be of that theme. My next purchase should be of that theme, when that will be I cannot yet say... After 20+ years of collecting I own only 3 swords and each of them are supportive of that theme I have in mind. 2. Aim - It would of course be amazing to have vast collecting of various items of that dream theme. However given the time it takes for me to get an item it won't be happening. Realistic aim would be just getting items that I enjoy. 3. Border - No borders. Only requirement for me would be that I like the item. 4. Behaviour - Just watching while doing my research. I admit this is the most tedious part for me as it would be fun to actually buy something. I keep scouting the items every week and I will try my best resist the urge to do sword dealing or trying flipping items for profit, as I don't want to go down that road. 5. Purpose - Research. I am very happy I enjoy research as I cannot collect at the level or in the style I would like. I feel my purpose is just doing my research and I am enjoying doing that. 6. Stage - Evolving, I've had various ideas for collecting before and they've been evolving into my current vision.

Seems like they added it to their website and asking price is 6,000,000 yen. https://eirakudo.shop/233657 I think for many the Hon'ami sayagaki (if genuine) might be much more important than NBTHK papers. I do have lots and lots of reference sayagaki by Nisshū. Unfortunately I am complete novice when it comes to Hon'ami sayagaki so I cannot judge their authencity. To me this is an interesting item but for me the price makes this unobtainable. And the problem is that for that amount of money there would be so many other items I might seek if I would ever end up having that amount to spend for a sword.

Like Michael above I would feel this would be quite plausible as being a genuine work by Enju Kuniyoshi. Unfortunately the TJ13 Orikaeshi-mei example that Michael posted above is the only actual picture of signature by this smith that I have. Here are the 3 tachi signatures that I mentioned above. Kasuga Taisha Ise Jingū Jūyō 15

Like in the title I am looking for Tōken Bijutsu (刀剣美術 ) issues 167 & 170. These are issues December 1970 and March 1971. Same thing as last time about a year ago when I was looking a single magazine, I am willing to pay 50€ per magazine, or I can do a trade 1 to 20 NBTHK magazines if someone else is collecting them. Last time I got multiple offers and in the end ended up trading & selling around 60-70 magazines and I got the 1 I was chasing. I just checked my double magazines and I do have 129 issues ranging from 100 to 365. Keeping my thumbs up on nailing these 2 magazines as then I would have spectacular continuous set of NBTHK magazines.