Okay, so I'm not much of a "post on forums" kind of person, but I felt compelled to post here.
I understand the OP's questions and attempt to bring category and science to his studies. I have struggled with this desire for several years and I find that I frustrate myself and put the study materials away for another day.
The first thing I noticed from the OP is this equation [higher $ = better]. I don't believe that to be true across the board. I want to preface this by saying that I know VERY LITTLE about swords, and less about their "market value".
Once I learned or accepted that swords are art then I began to be able to asses them as art. So if you take everything that Trent said and applied it to paintings / prints (generic wall art), the same holds true. Is it torn or faded? Is it signed? Are the brush strokes consistent with the signed artist's name? Is it old or new? Did someone certify it as original? Was that certification Christie's Auction House or Bubba's art papers emporium? Who is selling it Christie's or John Doe's auction house? See where I'm going with this. So while the technical details about flaws and such are very important, it is the non technical stuff that is hard to quantify that makes one desire a sword or not.
The interesting thing about art is that there really is no "correct" answer. Many people love Andy Whorhol or Salvador Dali, I don't. If you gave me one of their "certified original" works of art, I would probably sell it for my kids school tuition. It does not interest me and I have no desire to learn about or enjoy or look at their art. The Arnolfini Portrait by Jan van Eyck on the other hand is my most favorite (many would think I'm crazy)... I digress.
So, I think it is the same with swords some people love certain schools, certain makers, or specific types e.g. katana, waki, tanto, yari, etc. Also characteristics of swords may attract someone to it. very wavy temper lines, very straight tempers, length, weight. I will attach pics of one tanto that I inherited. I immediately loved it, despite it's flaws, and I will not part with it. A somewhat similar one I also inherited I did not like so much, so that one is on the market. It is a very personal venture for collectors of anything in what they like. Also, for everything there is a collector. Some people may have the desire to collect mumei works and strive to discern as much about it. Other's like "fixer up-ers" buy a rough blade, polish it and get papers for it. It is the feeling of bringing it back that makes them happy. For anything out there, there is someone who collects it.
The ultimate price of an item is what someone is willing to pay for it. If I really like something I would pay what I could to own it. If I didn't like it too much I would not buy it.
Just my 2 cents, here are the photos of the tanto I LOVE!