Geraint

Here is one, poor photograph but nice tsuba. All the best.

Just to add a little to Florian's suggestion, copper is indeed used as a base coat, or more commonly as an inlay which can then be gilded. This tsuba is in nunome zogan which, as a physical process does not require that step. The gold is applied directly to the base metal even when this is iron. The details may still be copper or indeed another alloy. Whatever the technique it is a lovely thing. All the best.

Dear Jake. I happen to have the catalogue for that sale and can confirm that lot 669 was described thus: 'Three Fuchi - Kashira Edo period (19th century) all with iroe takazogan, the First (sic) of shakudo nanako, with sages among pine trees, signed Soheishi Niudo Soten sei, the Second is possibly associated, of shibuichi, the fuchi with Taikobo fishing, the kashira with Shoki (?) riding on his hat over water, signed Tsunenao with kao, the Third is associated, the fuchi of shibuichi, the kashira of shakudo nanako with the race over the Uji river.' The lot sold for £1,200. Lot 675. THree shibuichi fuchi kashira Edo period (19th century) the First bearing an ishime ground and inladi in gold, silver and shakudo takazogan with large peonies and foliage, signed Omori Teruhide, the Second carved and inlaid on the fuchi with a sarumawashi and on the kashira with a boy dancer, signed Tsunenao with kao, the Third bearing a basketwork ground and inlaid with a mass of flowers and foliage in iroe takazogan (3) This lot also sold for £1,200 As was common practice only one of each lot was illustrated, for lot 669 it was the Soten example and for lot 675 it was the peonies. They were part of the sale which was described as, ' The following twenty one lots were collected by a German professor of language in Japan between 1895 = 1920.' Hope that helps a little. All the best.

Dear All. To clarify and not to contradict. Shinae are fine cracks in the blades surface, often appearing together. However mukade shinae, or giant centipede shinae, are indeed cause by straightening a bent blade, they appear generally at right angles or thereabouts, to the blade edge and sometimes resemble crackled ice. Rather like a fukure burnishing will not remove these, they are miniature delaminations. According to this link, http://www.ksky.ne.jp/~sumie99/flaws.html they can sometimes be removed by polishing. You will have to scroll down a little to find this specific fault. As is so often the case applying logic to the terminology used is a waste of effort, just because shinae refers to actual cracks in one case it seems that it does not neccesarily mean cracks in the other. I cannott see well enough in the pictures of the original blade to be sure but I do suspect that they illustrate mukade shinae. All the best.

Dear Mark. One of the things that cleaning it up will do is remove the patina from an alloy known as shakudo. This is a distinctive Japanese alloy of copper with a small percentage of gold which, when treated correctly, acquires a deep lustrous black colour which is still evident on the eyes and the inlayed sections at the back of the wing. Some of these retain their colour while some are now looking like copper where the patina has been removed. All being well, and further cleaning eschewed, these inlays will recover their patina over a considerable time. I appreciate that you are not interested in the monetary value but the best way of approaching this item is as a work of art and yourself as its temporary custodian. That art will communicate down the years if cared for. Enjoy this and keep up the research. In terms of age I note that no one has hazarded an assessment yet, it is an unusual tsuba. My guess would be late 18th to 19th century, just to get the ball rolling, but I look forward to others informed opinions. All the best.

Dear Anthony. Welcome to NMB. You are right, this is not a Shingunto but a civil mounted sword that has had a combat cover added to its existing saya. Forgive me if I state the obvious but the sword is out of polish which means that you will have a hard time seeing much in the blade. Whatever you do, do not attempt to polish this yourself as that will destroy any value the sword might have. Getting this one polished is an expensive and problematic process and may reveal flaws in the blade that could really spoil your day. The nakago/tang looks to have been shortened, something that is quite common but always done at the nakago so that the hardened edge in the kissaki/tip is retained. The auction house photographs really do not show enough to be sure that the blade does not have any fatal damage such as hagire/cracks. I quite understand the urge just to own one and if this is cheap enough then why not? However I think most of us would advise a little caution and perhaps get to know a bit more before you jump in. Feel free to ask any questions and whatever you decide, All the best.

Dear John. I think that if you look closely at the top kuchibeni in the third picture you can see that they are solid inserts. All the best.

Dear Naftali. As Lewis has pointed out the ha machi and mune machi, the shoulders where the habaki sits, are not level and this is a characteristic of Chinese fake swords. However in this case I suspect that someone not familiar with Japanese swords has made a new habaki and modified the blade to 'make it fit'. A proper habaki should have a notch in the back that slips over the blade and fits against the mune machi, the step at the back, while the edge side should have a slot that fits closely around the edge of the blade. If you look closely at the shoulder next to the edge can you see if the blade has been recently modified there? If this is the case then an amateur habaki might also account for the extra set of seppa. All the best.

Dear Volker. I believe the paper specifies nidai, the two kanji in parenthesis after the signature line on the origami. All the best.

Dear Aaron. Welcome to NMB. You have done nothing wrong I assure you, it is simply that getting you any further forward is almost impossible. There are between forty and fifty smiths recorded signing Yoshikuni with these two kanji and while most of them can be discounted because of the age of your sword there are few indicators that might lead to an attribution. Add to this the possibility that this might be a spurious signature, called gimei, a very common thing especially with the names of good makers. However I think it unlikely that this would be the case with a two kanji mei like yours, after all why not go the whole way and sign the full mei if you want to deceive? To quote from a 2013 post by Gabriel, 'The second smith or smiths, Onizuka Yoshikuni (YOS 275-279, not clear which of these is one smith or multiple), is much closer in terms of the handwriting style, but close inspection yields several possible differences in chisel marks and angles. What is more, Onizuka Yoshikuni smith(s) allegedly signed with at least Onizuka Yoshikuni, not just "Yoshikuni" on its own. Based on these two points, I'm not certain one could connect your blade to this series of smiths based on the mei alone.' I am sure that others will add opinions, it would help to have some good photographs of the blade and its workings. Whatever the outcome it is a very attractive blade and I do hope you enjoy it. Your only certain option is to get the blade to a properly accredited shinsa team, sometimes these are arranged to coincide with Japanese sword shows in the US. All the best.

You did what? Most of us would have expected an extra nought on that I guess. Here is some relevant information from Markus Sesko, 'Shinto and Shinshinto Kantei' to be going on with, well worth getting a copy. All the best.

Steady Boy, steady! Whatever happens this is a very nice sword in attractive koshirae, you did well. It will still be that even if you conclude that it is gimei. Remember that big names are often gimei though it is distantly possible that this came to the UK soon after it was made. Lots of possibilities. Now come the hard yards. You need to start comparing papered examples and soaking up the detail, nakago jiri, yasurime, placement of the mei, style of kanji and so forth. Take it to a Token Society meeting and see what others think. ( Don't be tempted to take a low ball offer.) This is why this hobby is so exciting so enjoy! Just got back home so will do a bit of digging. All the best.

Dear Mark. I will have a look through my sources later on today but for now have a look here, page 31 I think, https://new.uniquejapan.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/21-Antique-Shinshinto-Japanese-Swords-For-Sale-From-Unique-Japan.pdf You know the mantra, big name smith likely gimei until proven otherwise, the fact that you do not see a match in a web search of papered examples suggests this to be true for your sword. Forgive me if I state the obvious but a Shinshinto sword, unless badly neglected, ought to have a nakago which shows clear detail and so the shape and the yasurime as well as the position of the mei should all be easy to see. Another factor is that some smiths have very distinctive 'handwriting' and that should be an easy thing to spot. If you have an image of the whole nakago that might be useful. I'll see what I can find for you later on. All the best.

Dear Sebastien. What a nice problem to have. Some questions to ask in your search. Are the HIrata the only people who understood shippo? Clearly not. Does this kozuka fit into the known body of Hirata work? Well most examples of Hirata work do not look like this. In another thread on NMB someone lamented that most of the pieces revealed by a search were attributed by Bonham's, herein lies the problem. Almost everything with shippo is claimed to be Hirata, especially by those selling the piece. Your butterfly appears to have gold cloisonnes and to be finely done. Is this a kozuka by Hirata or one with added decoration by them? A bit of information here, https://www.silk-road.us/hirata.html The tsuba in the link without the shippo would have been suggested to be Ichijo or one of his atelier, was he capable of doing shippo of this standard? Almost certainly so. Was the Hirata school capable of making a plate in this style? Certainly. Whatever you conclude this is a lovely piece to have in your collection. Enjoy as I am sure you will. All the best.

Dear Mark. Well you're in for some fun! Start researching Chikuzen Nobuhide. All the best.